Method and apparatus for comparing smoking properties of various cigarettes



17, 1965 w H. WAGGAMAN 3,200,648

METHOD AND APRARATUS FOR COMPARING SMOKING PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CIGARETTES Filed Feb. 4, 1963 F"\-\ FIG. 2.

1 X a E I/ I I A W.

\\ ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent 3,200,648 7 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPAR- ING SMOKING PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CIGARETTES William H. Waggaman, P.0. Box 111, Alexandria, Va.

Filed Feb. 4, 1963, Ser. No. 256,080 9 Claims. (Cl. 73-343) This invention relates in general to an apparatus for comparing the smoking properties of various types of cigarettes.

Specifically, it is designed to show the burning rate of the tobacco and the changes in temperature of the smoke when two cigarettes are smoked simultaneously by applying reduced pressure approximately equivalent to that applied by a smokers mouth.

A further object of this invention is to provide means whereby the burning rate of the tobacco and changes in the-temperature of the smoke of an ordinary unfiltered cigarette may be compared visually and simultaneously with a cigarette equipped with some type of filter.

A still further object of this invention, and one for which it is particularly well adapted, is to compare the smoking properties of filtered and unfiltered cigarettes, having the'usual type of paper wrapper, with cigarettes equipped with porous paper wrappers, as well as those having perforated paper wrappers for the admission of air in excess of that required for the combustion of the tobacco.

. Cigarettes equipped with wrappers of this latter type have been proposed and patented (US. Patent No. 2,304,- 009 to Franz Muth, Dec. 1, 1942 and US. Patent No. 2,314,147 to I. B. Langdon, Mar. 16, 1943); and the advantage of such cigarettes consists in a slower burning rate and the providing of a cooler and more flavorable smoke because the harsh hot irritants are cooled and condensed by the excess air drawn in through the perforations in the wrapper. However, the apparatus described in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings is novel in that it is adapted to show the advantages of such cigarettes and to compare them visually and simultaneously with those not equipped with wrappers of this type. i

Whereas the equipment described and illustrated may be altered in certain respects without departing from the essential features of this invention, the principles involved and a preferred type of apparatus for accomplishing the objectives sought are illustrated and described as follows in the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a side elevation showing a construction with glass tubing for conducting experiments to demonstrate visually the burning rate and temperature of the smoke of two cigarettes smoked simultaneously under the same amount of reduced pressure; and

FIGURE 2 is a view showing the preferred assembly set-up for the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 when the apparatus is in use.

The apparatus which is constructed of glass tubing, having an inside diameter approximately equal to that of an ordinary cigarette, consists of a vertical section A connected at its upper end and opening into a horizontal section B. This horizontal section B is open at both ends and has two short vertical sections C and C equally distant from the center of B into which thermometers D and D are inserted and sealed with their lower ends extending into the horizontal section B.

The vertical section A is inserted into a vacuum flask B through a rubber stopper F. A side opening G of this flask is connected by a rubber hose H to a vacuum pump (not shown) which can be so regulated that any desired degree of reduced pressure may be exerted on two ciga- "ice rettes I and I held in the opposite ends of the horizontal section B. V

In operating this apparatus the two cigarettes to be compared are inserted snugly into the open ends of the horizontal section B so that their butt ends are close to, and equally distant from the base of the thermometers D and D'. The desired vacuum (preferably that exerted by a smokers mouth) is applied, and the cigarettes are simul- TABLE I.RELATIVE BURNING RATES AND TEM- PERATURE OF THE SMOKE DRAWN THROUGH A CIGARETTE HAVING AN ORDINARY PAPER WRAPPER AND A CIGARETTE EQUIPPED WITH A PERF ORAT ED PAPER WRAPPER FOR ADMIS' SION OF EXCESS'AIR V EXPERIMENT NO.'1.LOW VACUUM TEMPERATURE Ordinary Cigarette Perforated Cigarette Time, Minutes O. F. Q. Ff

2:33 p. 21. 50 70. 7 21.50 70. 7 2:34 p. 21. 71. 0 21.00 69. 8 2:35 p. 21. 71. 2 21. 00 69. 8 2:36 p. 21. 9O 71. 4 21. 00 69. 8 2:37 p. 22.00 71. 6 21.00 69. 8 2:38 p. 23. 00 82. 4 21.00 69. 8 2:39 p. 28. 00 82. 4 21. 00 69. 8 2:40 p. 48.00 118.4 21.00 69.8 2:41 p. e 55.00 131.0 b 21.00 b 69. 8 2:42 p m 21.00 69. 8 2:43 p m 21.00 69.8 2:44 p m 21. 50 70. 7 2:45 p.111 22.00 71. 6 2:46 p m B 25.00 77. 0

Total Time 8% Minutes 13 Minutes EXPERIMENT NO. 2.INCREASED VACUUM Total Time 5 Minutes 5 Minutes smoked) a Burned down to a 1-inch stub.

b Only one-half smoked.

It will be noted that in the first experiment recorded in the foregoing table, wherein the cigarettes equipped with these two types of paper wrapper were smoked simultaneously under slightly reduced pressure, the cigarette with the conventional type of paper wrapper was consumed to within an inch of its butt end at the expiration of 8 minutes; and the temperature of the smoke registered by the thermometer rose from 70.7 F. to 131 F. or 60 degrees. On the other hand, the cigarette having the perforated paper wrapper was only one-half consumed at the expiration of 8 minutes and the temperature had remained nearly constant. Moreover, it required 13 minutes to smoke the perforated cigarette down to a ring of small perforations (within 1 inch of the butt end of the cigarette), yet at this point the temperature of the smoke registered only 77 F. or merely 7 degrees higher than that shown when the cigarette was lighted.

In the second experiment recorded in this table the vacuum applied was appreciably increased to speed up the smoking time, yet the results obtained showed the same trend as where a lower vacuum was employed. The cigarette with the'conventional type of paper Wrapper was consumed within 1 inch of the butt end at the end of 5 minutes and the temperature of the smoke had risen from 74.2 F. to 132.8 F. or over 58 degrees. On the other hand, the cigarette with the perforated paper wrapper was only one-half consumed at the expiration of five minutes and the temperature of the smoke had remained nearly constant.

Havingnow described my invention I claim:

1. An apparatus for comparing visually, the burning rate of the tobacco and the temperature of the smoke drawn through two cigarettes whichare smoked simultaneously under the same reduced pressure, said apparatus including a horizontal section of tubing open at both ends into which two cigarettes fit snugly, two short vertical lengths of tubing extending upward from and connecting with the horizontal section of tubing, a thermometer inserted into each of said short vertical sections with the lower ends of the thermometer extendinginto said horizontal section of tubing, a central vertical section of tubing having one endconneeted with and Opening into the said horizontal section and having its other end connected with a source of reduced pressure.

2. The apparatus described in claim 1, characterized by the tubing being made of glass.

3. An apparatus such as described in claim 1, for comparing visually and simultaneously the burning rate of the tobacco and the temperature of the smoke, an unfilteredcigarette' at one end of the horizontal section and a cigarette equipped with a filtering device at the other end of said horizontal section.

4. An apparatus such as described in claim l for comparing visually and simultaneously the burning rate of the tobacco and the temperature of the smoke, an unfiltered cigarette equipped With a perforated paper having an ordinary wrapper at one end of the horizontal section and a cigarette at the other end of the horizontal section provided with a perforated paper wrapper for admission of air in excess of that required for the com-- bustion of the tobacco.

5. An apparatus such as described in claim 1, for com-' paring visually and simultaneously, the burning rate of the tobacco and the temperature of the smoke, a cigarette equipped with a filter at one end of the horizontal section, and a cigarette at the other end of the horizontal section having a perforated paper wrapper for admission of air in excess of that required for the combustion of the tobacco.

6. An apparatus such as described in claim 1, for comparing visually and simultaneously, the burning rate of the tobacco and the temperature of thesmoke, a cigarette having an ordinary or conventionaltype of paper wrapper at oneend of'the-horizontal section, and a cigarette at the other end of the horizontal section equipped with a porous paper wrapper for the admission of air in excess of that required for the combustion of the tobacco. e g

7. Apparatus for comparing burning rates and smoke temperatures of cigarettes including a device having a passage therein open at its opposite ends and withsaid opposite ends of a cross section that snugly grips a cigarette, two thermometers carried by said device'and with each thermometer-in the path of smoke that travels through said passage from a different end thereof, a branch passage in said device leading from the first passage at a location intermediate the thermometers, and means for maintaining a reduced pressure in the branch passage whereby air flows through the cigarettesto simulatesimultaneous smoking of b oth cigarettes under equal conditions. of suction.

8. The method of comparing the smoking qualities of different cigarettes, which method comprises holding two different cigarettes at their rearward ends while drawing air from the rearward-end faces of the" different cigarettes into different passages, draw ng Smoke through the pas- Sages, measuring thetemperatureof the smoke in the different passages at the same distances from the different cigarettes, andmaintaining equal suction on the cigarettes by withdrawing air from both passages by the same suction. V 9. The'method described in claim characterized by lighting both cigarettes simultaneously, measuring the burning time of the different cigarettes, and mesauring the dilferent temperatures simultaneously'at successive intervals.

References Cited by'the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,223,216 1/41, Morgan 73-23 2,561,626 7/51 Hutchinson 131 475 3,034,932 5/62 Donovan an 131, 9

LOUIS 'R. PRINCE, Primary Examiner.

ISAAC LISANN, Examiner. 

1. AN APPARATUS FO COMPARING VISUALLY, THE BURNING RATE OF THE TOBACCO AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SMOKE DRAWN THROUGH TWO CIGARETTES WHICH ARE SMOKED SIMULTANEOUSLY UNDER THE SAME REDUCED PRESSURE, SAID APPARATUS INCLUDING A HORIZONTAL SECTION OF TUBING OPEN AT BOTH ENDS INTO WHICH TWO CIGARETTES FIT SNUGLY, TWO SHORT VERTICAL LENGTHS OF TUBING EXTENDING UPWARD FROM AND CONNECTING WITH THE HORIZONTAL SECTION OF TUBING, A THEREMOMETER INSERTED INTO EACH OF SAID SHORT VERTICAL SECTIONS WITH THE LOWER ENDS OF THE THERMOMETER EXTENDING INTO SAID HORIZONTAL SECTION OF TUBING, A CENTRAL VERTICAL SECTION OF TUBING HAVING ONE END CONNECTED WITH AND OPENING INTO THE SAID HORIZONTAL SECTION AND HAVING ITS OTHER END CONNECTED WITH A SOURCE OF REDUCED PRESSURE. 